Places to Visit in Istanbul
Istanbul may be counted in the most unforgettable and remarkable city in the world. Spreading onto two continents, Europe and Asia, Istanbul constitutes a natural bridge between two cultures, East and West, which has enriched it with many distinct and unique structures.
It is believed that city was first founded by colonists arrived from Megara in the leadership of Byzas. The very first city built in the historical peninsula was named as Byzantine after him. The ancient city became a center control for the sea and land trading routes in Roman times and Constantine the Great choose the city as his new capital for Roman Empire and renamed it after his name as Constantinople. It became the capitol of Byzantine Empire (Eastern Romans) after the great Roman Empire split into two in 394 A.D. It was the political, economical and religious center of the eastern world more than a thousand years. Great buildings and monuments was built during this era such as Hagia Sophia, Hippodrome and Chora Church. Hagia Sophia was the highest building in the world after the pyramids when it was first built and the biggest cathedral in Europe. It is stil the fifth biggest cathedral in Europe. It was converted to a mosque when the city was conquered by the Ottomans and became the capital of Ottoman Dynasty. The city contiuned its importance as trading center under the Ottoman rule and the city was decorated by Ottoman and Muslim buildings. Blue Mosque, Suleymaniye Mosque and Rustem Pasha Mosque are one of the best samples of Ottoman architecture and beautifully designed with Iznik tiles. Grand Bazaar started to be built in 15th century always developed with additions in centuries and became one of the biggest shopping malls with more than 5.000 shops.
Istanbul is also known with Bosphorus, the waterway separating the two continents, Asia and Europe with the marble palaces, old wooden villas of Ottoman architecture besides modern residential.
To explore more history and heritage of Istanbul via Ryda Travel tours, and to see beauty of Bosphorus by our private yatch tours while you are sipping your wine contact us. Below you can see more information about the places to visit in Istanbul:
Hagia Sophia Church & Mosque
Hagia Sophia, located in Istanbul, Turkey, is a unique historical and cultural monument that has served various purposes throughout its long and storied history. The building, now known as the Ayasofya Mosque, was originally constructed in the 6th century as a Christian cathedral. It was designed by the famed architects Anthemios and Isidoros, who supervised a team of 100 architects and builders during its construction.
The Hagia Sophia was an important center of the Eastern Orthodox Church for over 900 years, until it was converted into a mosque following the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul in 1453. During its time as a mosque, several additions were made to the building, including the construction of minarets, the addition of Islamic calligraphy, and the covering of some Christian mosaics and frescoes.
In 1935, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum by the Turkish government under the direction of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and it became one of the most visited museums in the world. However, in 2020, the decision was made to convert the Hagia Sophia back into a mosque by the current Turkish government.
Despite the various changes and additions made to the building over the centuries, the Hagia Sophia remains a stunning example of Byzantine architecture and art. Its massive dome, intricate mosaics and frescoes, and impressive historical significance continue to make it a must-see destination for tourists visiting Istanbul.
Sultanahmet Mosque
The Blue Mosque, also known as the Sultan Ahmet Mosque, is a significant historical and religious landmark in Istanbul, Turkey. Built between 1609 and 1616 during the Ottoman period, it is one of the most visited mosques in the world, attracting tourists and worshippers alike.
Designed by the architect Mehmet Aga, who was a student of the famous Ottoman architect Sinan, the mosque is a part of a larger complex that includes a hospital, a madrasa, and a tomb for Sultan Ahmet.
The interior of the mosque features a centralized plan with four large columns supporting broad, pointed arches. The walls and ceilings are adorned with more than 20,000 hand-painted Iznik tiles, adding to the mosque’s breathtaking beauty. The interior also features beautiful paintwork, designed over gold leafing, inside the domes.
The mosque gets its name from the blue tiles that adorn the interior, which give it a tranquil, serene ambiance. After some renovations and repairs, the original light blue color has been restored to its full glory.
The floor of the mosque is covered in carpets, as is typical of most mosques. Opposite the main entrance is a marble pulpit and a sultan’s lodge where the Sultan would sit during prayer services. The 260 windows in the mosque bring in ample natural light, adding to the grandeur of the space. The mosque’s main dome is 23.5 meters in diameter and 43 meters high.
The mosque’s six minarets are a classical example of Turkish architecture and have balconies accessible by spiral staircases. These balconies were originally used to call believers to prayer, and today, loudspeakers are used for this purpose.
Overall, the Blue Mosque is an impressive and beautiful piece of architecture and an important site for Islamic worship and history.
Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace is an iconic landmark of Istanbul, Turkey, known for its historical and cultural significance. The palace, built between 1460 and 1478, has a rich history, serving as the residence of Ottoman sultans and their court until the mid-19th century. In addition to its residential functions, the palace also served as an administrative hub and a center for important state ceremonies and protocol.
Today, Topkapi Palace is a popular tourist destination and museum, showcasing the rich history and culture of the Ottoman Empire. The palace features several courtyards, administrative offices, and a variety of exhibits that give visitors a glimpse into life during the Ottoman era.
Among the many treasures on display at Topkapi Palace are the Holy Relics of Prophet Muhammad’s possessions and the Imperial Archive, which were preserved at the palace even after the sultans had relocated to Dolmabahçe Palace. The palace also houses a stunning collection of crystal, silver, and Chinese porcelain, as well as items from the sultan’s family wardrobe, including dresses, turbans, and jewelry. Visitors can also view the famous Spoon-seller Diamond, which is over six hundred carats larger than any other known diamond.
In addition to the palace’s impressive collection of treasures and artifacts, the museum also features rooms exquisitely decorated with fine tiles, showcasing the craftsmanship that reached new heights during the Ottoman era. Topkapi Palace is truly a must-see destination for anyone interested in history, culture, and the arts.
Dolmabahce Palace
Dolmabahce Palace is located on the European side of Istanbul and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in the city. It was the first palace in Istanbul to have electricity, a telephone system and an elevator, showcasing the technological advancements of the 19th century.
The palace has a mix of architectural styles, including Baroque, Rococo and Neoclassical, and it features a unique blend of European and Ottoman elements. The palace’s gardens are equally stunning, with more than 100 different species of flowers and trees, and stunning views of the Bosphorus.
One of the most interesting parts of the palace is the Crystal Staircase, which was designed by Bohemian crystal makers and features an elegant chandelier that is said to weigh 4.5 tons. The palace also houses a stunning collection of paintings and sculptures, as well as a vast array of porcelain, silver and glassware.
Dolmabahce Palace was also the site of many important political events throughout its history, including the signing of the Treaty of Sevres, which marked the end of World War I and the beginning of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Today, the palace is a museum and a testament to the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire and the 19th century architecture of Istanbul.
Kariye Museum (Chora Church)
The Chora Church, also known as Kariye Museum, is a historical building located in the Edirnekapi neighborhood of Istanbul. The name “Kariye” is derived from the ancient Greek word “chora,” meaning “outside of or beyond the city (land).” The original chapel was built before the construction of the city walls in the 5th century, and was rebuilt by Justinianus I (527-565) as the Chora Church. However, it was destroyed during the Latin invasion of 1204-1261, and was later restored by Andronikos II in 1328 due to his admiration for its architecture and history.
The Chora Church is renowned for its beautiful mosaics and frescoes from the Byzantine period. The artwork features a distinctive style that is characterized by depth, movement, and elongated figures. The mosaics and frescoes depict scenes from the life of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and various saints. They are among the finest examples of Byzantine art in the world.
After the conquest of Istanbul by the Ottomans in 1453, the Chora Church was converted into a mosque. It was later converted into a museum in 1945, and underwent a major restoration and renovation from 1948-1959. During the restoration, frescoes that had been covered up during the mosque conversion were uncovered on the walls. Today, visitors can admire the beauty of the Chora Church’s architecture, as well as its stunning mosaics and frescoes that offer a glimpse into the art and culture of the Byzantine Empire.
The Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern is a remarkable feat of engineering, built in the 6th century by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. It is one of the largest cisterns in Istanbul, measuring 140 by 70 meters, and has the capacity to hold 80,000 cubic meters of water. The cistern provided water to the nearby palaces and was also used as a set for Hollywood movies such as From Russia with Love and Inferno.
The cistern is located near Hagia Sophia Square and is accessed through a small building. The ceiling of the cistern is cross-vaulted and supported by 336 columns, which are arranged in 12 rows of 28 each. The columns have different-shaped capitals and are made of marble and granite, with some being recycled from earlier structures. The cistern was also once used as a basilica, hence its name.
During a restoration in the 1980s, workers removed over a meter of mud from the cistern floor and uncovered the original brick pavement. They also discovered two Medusa head statues, which are now popular photo spots for visitors. The cistern has a walkway for visitors to explore and appreciate the scale of the structure.
Today, the Basilica Cistern is a popular tourist attraction and a unique way to experience the ancient engineering marvels of Istanbul.
The Hippodrome
The Hippodrome was the heart of Byzantine Constantinople, a central space where many important events and civil activities took place. From political propaganda to rebellions and chariot races, the Hippodrome served many purposes throughout the centuries.
One of the most impressive monuments in the area is the Egyptian Obelisk. Originally constructed by Pharaoh Tutmosis III, this 200-foot-tall obelisk weighed 800 tons. Unfortunately, it broke in three pieces during transportation from Egypt to Constantinople, and only the top part survived. The obelisk was erected in 390 AD during the reign of Theodosius I, and the marble base features sculptured reliefs depicting the Emperor’s family watching a chariot race. It is made of pink granite and shows Pharaoh Tutmosis III with the Sun God Amon Ra.
Another notable monument in the Hippodrome is a column made from three intertwined bronze serpents. This column was brought over from the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, Greece.
The third monument in the area is known as the “Colossus” or “The Column of Constantine.” While it appears more eroded than the Egyptian Obelisk, researchers believe that it served a similar purpose.
The final monument in the Hippodrome Area is the German Fountain, also known as the Fountain of Kaiser Wilhelm II. This octagonal building features taps and was constructed in 1898. Inside, visitors can admire lovely mosaics depicting the signatures of Emperor William II and Sultan Abdulhamit II.
The Galata Tower
Galata Tower, a prominent landmark in Istanbul, has a long and complex history. Although its exact date of construction is uncertain, it is believed that the tower was first built during the Byzantine era in the 5th century AD.
The tower has undergone several transformations throughout its history. Originally known as the Christea Turris (Tower of Christ) by Genoese and Megalos Pyrgos (The Great Tower) by Byzantines, it was heavily damaged during an earthquake in 1509 and later renovated by famous architect Hayrettin during the Genoese period. In the 16th century, an observatory was established on top of the tower by Takıyeddin Efendi, which was later closed under orders from Murat III.
One of the tower’s most notable moments in history was when Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi flew from the top of the tower using artificial wings in the 17th century, making him one of the earliest aviators in history.
Over time, the tower has undergone several renovations and suffered damages from fires and storms. Today, it stands at a height of 66.90 meters (62.59 meters without including the ornament on top), with an outer diameter of 16.45 meters and an inner diameter of 8.95 meters.
Visitors to the Galata Tower can enjoy the breathtaking view of Istanbul and the Bosphorus from the top-floor restaurant and outdoor balcony. While the elevator only goes up to the 7th floor, visitors must climb the final two floors on foot.
Whether you’re interested in history or just looking for a stunning view of Istanbul, the Galata Tower is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to the city.
Rumeli Fortress
Rumeli Castle, also known as Rumelihisarı, is a stunning fortress located on the European shore of the Bosphorus Strait. Built in just four months in 1452 by Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, the castle was part of his strategy to conquer the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Its strategic location enabled the Ottomans to control the passage of ships through the strait and prevent military and economic aid from reaching Byzantium via the Black Sea.
The castle is composed of three large towers, one small tower, and thirteen smaller towers, all of which are still in good condition. The fortress was designed with high walls, making it impenetrable to the enemy. It is said that Mehmed II himself supervised the construction of the fortress, ensuring that it was built to the highest standards.
After the fall of Constantinople, Rumelihisarı became a customs checkpoint, controlling the passage of ships through the strait. However, its strategic importance declined when other fortresses were built further up the Bosphorus, where it meets the Black Sea. In the 17th century, the fortress was used primarily as a prison for foreigners captured in war.
The fortress was partially destroyed by an earthquake in 1509 but was soon repaired. It was subsequently rebuilt and restored by Sultan Selim III in the 18th century. However, during the 19th century, the fortress fell into disuse and became a residential neighborhood.
Today, Rumeli Castle is a popular tourist attraction, with visitors coming from all over the world to explore the fortress and take in the stunning views of the Bosphorus. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or simply looking for a beautiful place to take a stroll, Rumeli Castle is well worth a visit.
Beylerbeyi Palace
The Beylerbeyi Palace has a rich history, with the location having gone through many phases of renovations and reconstructions since the Byzantine period. The palace is located on the Asian side of the Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul, Turkey.
The region was known as the “Garden of the Cross” from the Byzantine era to the 19th century. The first palatial building was constructed under orders from Mahmud II, but it was destroyed by fire in 1858. Sultan Abdülaziz then demolished the old palace and rebuilt a new one with a total area of 3000 square meters between the years 1863-1865 to strengthen the structure.
The palace consists of several sections, with the Mabeyn and Harem sections open to the public. Visitors can also see several additional structures that serve different purposes, such as sea pavilions, a historical tunnel connecting Üsküdar and Beylerbeyi, the Yellow Pavilion, Marble Pavilion, and Barn Stables.
The Beylerbeyi Palace is a unique blend of western-influenced exterior structures and classical Ottoman palace features inside. It was mainly used as a summer residence and allocated to high-profile visitors during the time of its construction. Some notable guests include Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, France’s Emperor Napoleon III and his wife Empress Eugénie, German Emperor Wilhelm II, and Prince Nikola of Montenegro.
Visitors to the palace can explore the rich history and culture of the Ottoman Empire. The palace’s stunning architecture, intricate designs, and beautiful gardens are sure to leave a lasting impression.